Bulgarca

Bulgarca

https://yadi.sk/i/R3TaKA4kjkUta


Bulgarian is an Indo-European language. More specifically, it, together with the languages
of the former Yugoslavia, is a member of the southern branch of the Slavic family within Indo-
European. These South Slavic languages have developed in unique ways, distinguishing them
from the northern (both East and West) Slavic languages, having become separated from these
northern relatives due to geographical features and distance and the barrier created by intervening
non-Slavic-speaking peoples (i.e. those in present-day Rumania, Hungary and Austria) and due to
contact with the non-Slavic languages of the Balkans. Contemporary Bulgarian itself has evolved
from Old Bulgarian, the southernmost member of the early South Slavic dialects/languages.
It was a southern dialect of Old Bulgarian that formed the basis for the earliest written
Slavic literary language, which is generally referred to in English as “Old Church Slavic” or “Old
Church Slavonic”. This literary language was developed by the scholars (and brothers) Cyril and
Methodius, who, in the second half of the ninth century, were set with the task of helping to spread
Christianity among Slavs farther to the north in a language that would be familiar to them. They
developed a unique alphabet, Glagolitic, and they, and later their followers, translated many
religious works into this literary language. The history of the spread of Old Bulgarian, in this
literary Old Church Slavic form, and the degree to which it influenced later literary language
developments in South Slavic, East Slavic, to a lesser degree West Slavic, and even non-Slavic
languages is complex. In Bulgaria itself the Glagolitic alphabet was supplanted over the course of
a couple centuries by a new alphabet, which was to a significant degree based on the Greek
alphabet, and which was named in honor of Cyril (i.e. the Cyrillic alphabet).
The contemporary Bulgarian literary language is largely the result of a process of
standardization that began in the 19th century as the country was emerging from nearly 500 years
of Ottoman rule. This process was one of dispute and eventual compromise between those who
wanted the modern standard language to be based primarily on the more traditional Church
Slavonic language and those who believed it should be based more on the contemporary spoken
language, which, naturally, had undergone many extremely significant changes over the centuries.
And, especially within the latter camp, there was disagreement as to whether western or eastern
dialects should be the primary base of the new standard literary language. Although there was
much compromise, it can be said as a generalization that those favoring contemporary eastern
usage emerged as the primary winners in these disputes. Since that time, however, more and more
western dialectal features have been accepted into the literary language, in large part, no doubt,
due to the increasing influence of Sofia, which is located in the western part of the country, as the
new political center and as a rising cultural and economic influence.