There is nothing that man fears more than the touch of the unknown. He wants to see what is reaching towards him, and to be able to recognize or at least classify it. Man always tends to avoid physical contact with anything strange. In the dark, the fear of an unexpected touch can lead to panic. Even clothes give insufficient security: it is easy to tear them and pierce through to the naked, smooth, defenceless flesh of the victim. All the distances which men create round themselves are dictated by this fear. They shut themselves in houses which no one may enter, and only there they feel some measure of security. The fear of burglars is not only the fear of being robbed, but also the fear of something touching you in the darkness.
1. According to the passage, what frightens people most is .......... .
A) the thought of being robbed at night
B) the unexpected contact with something unknown
C) a sense of insecurity
D) being alone in the dark
E) the knowledge that they won't be protected
2. Because people are frightened of the unknown, ......... .
A) they feel it necessary to put a barrier between themselves and the unknown
B) it is natural that they should always be in a state of panic
C) they feel safer in a crowd
D) they try to avoid physical contact of all kinds
E) burglars find it much easier to break into houses
3. This passage is concerned with .......... .
A) how people can regain a sense of security
B) the measures people are advised to take against burglars
C) the three main types of fear
D) people's fear of the unknown and how they try to cope with it
E) how to bring one's fears into the open
Fahrenheit is the system of measuring the temperature, how hot or cold something is, used by many people in Britain. The freezing point of Fahrenheit is 32 degrees. So a cold winter's day in Britain would have a temperature of 38° F (3° centigrade) and a hot summer's day would have a temperature of 90° F (32° centigrade). The Fahrenheit scale was invented by the German scientist Gabriel Fahrenheit in 1710. Today in Britain most people over twenty-five know the Fahrenheit scale but the centigrade system (Celsius) is being used more and more. Weather forecasts on television and in newspapers show temperature in both scales. 4. It is explained in the passage that the term "fahrenheit" ............... .
A) has retained its popularity among young people
B) is very rarely used in Britain today
C) refers to the scale of temperature between 32° and 90°
D) is never used in weather forecast
E) derives from the name of a German scientist
5. It is implied in the passage that in the long run, the Celsius system .......... .
A) will be remembered only by the elderly
B) will soon fall into disuse
C) seems likely to be favoured by newspapers but not by television
D) will replace the fahrenheit one
E) will improve and become more reliable
6. The passage deals with .......... .
A) two different systems of measuring the temperature
B) the advantages of the fahrenheit scale over the Celsius scale
C) the scientific research carried out by Gabriel Fahrenheit
D) the range in temperature to be found in the British Isles
E) the declining popularity of the Celsius scale in Britain
British towns suffer from the same traffic congestion, noise and polluting fumes as all towns in the western world, but as yet only London, Newcastle, Glasgow and to a small extent Liverpool, have useful railways going underground through the central areas. Elsewhere there are plans for building underground railways but they have little hope of making any progress with them so long as public expenditure is restricted. In general, the north has better public transport than the south, with cheap and frequent bus services using better roads shared with fewer cars. 7. As it is pointed out in the passage, most British towns have no underground railway system.......... .
A) as the system is felt to cause a great deal of pollution
B) since the majority of people have their own private means of transport
C) as this is not felt to be a practical system outside London
D) because there is not sufficient public money available for such projects
E) simply because the people feel no need for one
8. We can understand from the passage that............. .
A) Liverpool has the most developed underground train system in Britain
B) more people drive their own cars in the north than in the south
C) the north of Britain suffers less from traffic problems than the south does
D) the south of Britain enjoys cheap and highly efficient bus services
E) British cities have much less air pollution than other cities in the west
9. The author suggests that underground railways are an excellent means of transport since ................ .
A) they are a much cheaper means of transport than buses
B) they do not pollute the streets of a city with noise and petrol fumes
C) the building and maintenance of them is comparatively cheap
D) the numbers who use them can easily be restricted
E) the services offered on them are constantly being improved
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