Do you know circumstances when it was written?
How much this spelling is different from modern language?
Is it possible and easy to guess its meaning?
I give the known oldest Polish sentence in Old Polish spelling .
Day ut ia pobrusa, a ti poziwai.
Daj, ać ja pobruszę, a ty poczywaj.
It means:
Let me grind (I will curl the quern), and you rest (or see as it to do).
This sentence was said by Czech Boguchwal to his Polish wife.
So the first written sentence in Polish was just said by some Czech.
It was found in the Latin text around 1270 year in the abbey of Cistercian monks chronicle written down in Latin.
***Cześć!
Najstarszy tekst włoski się znajduje w tak zwanych "Placiti Campani" (wyroków Kampanii, regionu w południowych Włoszech). Tekst był napysany w ósmym wieku:
"Sao ko kelle terre, per kelle fini que ki contene, trenta anni le possette parte S(an)c(t)i Benedicti"
(Wiem, że klasztor Świętego Benedykta posiadał przez trzydzieści lat te ziemie, granicy których są opisane tutaj)
The oldest Italian sentence is in the so-called "Placiti Campani" (Judgements of Campiania, a region of South Italy). The text dates back to the 8th century:
"Sao ko kelle terre, per kelle fini que ki contene, trenta anni le possette parte S(an)c(t)i Benedicti"
(I know that those lands, whose boundaries are here described, were held for thirty years by the side (the monastery) of Saint Benedict).*
* Translation taken from the site everything2.com/index.pl/node=Italian
***That's a wonderful thread.
The oldest known written sentence in Turkish was found in Yenisei River. But the tomb stone, on which script was written, was so badly damaged during centuries that noone was able to read this unfortunately. But happily the Orkhon inscriptions were discovered in 1889 in an expedition to the Orkhon Valley monuments in Mongolia, which date from the 8th-century. And now they're accepted as the oldest. They're about the Gokturk state in the Middle Asia. They're erected in the names of Gokturk khans and vizier. There the narrator warns the Gokturks(Kök-Türks) against the Chinese.
As for the language, I wish I could understand it totally but that is impossible of course. But if you know Turkish you can catch few things.
If you want to learn more you can google Orkhon.
Finally the first sentence starts with something about Kök Tengri(old Turkish god)
***The first written text in French is considered to be 'le serment de Strasbourg', (IX c.), when two grand-sons of Charlemagne allied against their brother and pronounced the alliance text one in 'French' and the other in 'German'. The text was written by Nithard, by request of his cousin, Charles le Chauve one of the grand-sons.
The first phrase says:
Pro deo amur et pro christian poblo et nostro commun salvament, d'ist di in avant, in quant deus savir et podir me dunat, si salvarai eo cist meon fradre Karlo et in aiudha et in cadhuna cosa, si cum om per dreit son fradra salvar dist, in o quid il mi altresi fazet, et ab Ludher nul plaid nunquam prindrai, qui meon vol cist meon fradre Karle in damno sit
Pour l'amour de Dieu et pour le peuple chrétien et notre salut commun, à partir d'aujourd'hui, en tant que Dieu me donnera savoir et pouvoir, je secourrai ce mien frère Charles par mon aide et en toute chose, comme on doit secourir son frère, selon l'équité, à condition qu'il fasse de même pour moi, et je ne tiendrai jamais avec Lothaire aucun plaid qui, de ma volonté, puisse être dommageable à mon frère Charles.
I have copied the translation, because this text is not comprehensible for me, even with my experience in several roman languages. Actually this language is not called French, nor old French, but 'Roman'.
More than French language birth, this text marks the oficialization of vernacular languages where Latin was before the only written language.
***The first written and printed Finnish text is the Abckiria (ABC book) by Mikael Agricola, published in 1543. It begins with a poem:
Oppe nyt wanha / ia noori /
joilla ombi Sydhen toori .
Jumalan keskyt / ia mielen /
iotca taidhat Somen kielen
Translation:
Now the young and the old will learn
those who have a fresh heart
they'll learn the commandments of God and His mind
as they know the Finnish language
***I have learnt about two oldest English sentences one of them was found by archeologists a runic inscription dating to c. 480 CE, and says:
"This she-wolf is a tribute to my knismen."
Second one was found by a farmer near Undley (Suffolk - ) a kind of, medallion - AD 450-500 -were inscribed the words
"gægogæ mægæ medu".
What it probably may be read as 'howling she-wolf' (a reference to the wolf image) and 'reward to a relative'.
***For years it was believed that the oldest sentence written in (Old) Dutch was a lovely piece of poetry:
Hebban olla vogala nestas hagunnan hinase hic enda thu wat unbidan we nu
Have all birds began (to build) nests, except you and me. What are we waiting for?
The text is believed to date from the 1000s-1100s and is a 'probatio pennae' by a monk. He probably cut himself a new pen and tried it out with this lovely verse (picture). It was discovered in 1931 in England, in the cover of a more recent manuscript and it caused a lot of thrills among Dutch historical linguists and philologists of that period.
Quite recently, however, there are more and more people who believe it is not Dutch, but (Old) Kentish, or at least a very hybrid kind of language. For a short article (or rather abstract) see here.
There are even older texts believed to be (more or less) Dutch, but they are thought to have a very mixed character (Old High German, Old English, Old Dutch), and some of them also feature in anthologies of Old High German literature. Another problem is that many of those texts look like Old Saxon so much, that it is hard (impossible) to sort it out.
Even if we'd accept those texts as Old Dutch, they are impossible to understand without specialised schooling. It takes courses in Old Dutch, a bunch of "Old-other languages" and Middle Dutch to understand them out.
***The first sentence ever noted of Romanian (referred to as the only Latin language in the Balkans at the time), was by Theophanes Confessor. He was a Byzantine chronicler and he noted it sometime during the 6th century. He was in a military expedition and he noted a Vlach (Romanian) soldier saying "Torna, torna fratre!" ("Return, return brother") when he noticed a load falling from the animals. In modern Romanian that would be "întoarce-te, întoarce-te frate!".
But the first ever text written in Romanian is considered to be a letter written by Neacsu din Câmpulung in 1521. He wrote a letter to the mayor of Brasov pleading for military assistance against the Ottomans. The letter was written in the Cyrillic alphabet and starts off like this:
Mudromu I plemenitomu, I cistitomu I bogom darovanomu jupan Hanăş Bengner ot Braşov mnogo zdravie ot Nécşu ot Dlăgopole.
(The most highly regarded and fair man, and God sent man Hanas Bengner of Brasov, health is wished upon you from Neacsu of Campulung)
I don't understand a word of it (except the city Brasov)! The Romanian language has REALLY changed since this letter was written!
The first written documents in Swedish are very hard to find, because the Vikings wrote one stones all over Europe in Runic script since the 8th century. But the first document in Swedish is presumed to be Västgötalagen (the Westrogothic law) from 1225.
Krister är fyrst i laghum warum. Da är cristna var oc allir cristnir, konongär, böndär oc allir bocarlär, biscupär oc allir boclärdir män.
(Christ is first in our law. Followed by our chrisitan faith and all christians, king, peasants and all inhabitants, bishop and all educated men)
***
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